اہلِ سیر کے ہاں متفق علیہ واقعاتِ سیرت سے فقہی استدلال ( امام شافعیؒ کی کتاب ’’الأم‘‘ کا تحلیلی مطالعہ)

Juristic Reasoning from Widely Accepted Events of the Prophetic Sīrah in the Narrations of the Scholars of Sīrah and Maghāzī An Analytical Study of Imam al-Shāfiʿī’s al-Umm

Abstract

This study examines the role of established events of the Prophetic Sīrah in juristic reasoning, focusing on Imam al-Shāfiʿī’s methodology in al-Umm. It highlights the evidentiary value of well-established Sīrah and Maghāzī reports concerning the Prophet’s ﷺ sayings, actions, and practical conduct.

The study analyzes three examples from al-Umm: the prohibition of bequeathing to an heir, the continuation of marriage when one spouse embraces Islam before the other, and the share of a cavalryman possessing multiple horses. Imam al-Shāfiʿī supports these rulings through established reports, including those related to the Conquest of Makkah and the accounts of Abū Sufyān, Ṣafwān ibn Umayyah, and ʿIkrimah ibn Abī Jahl.

It further demonstrates his comparative methodology in evaluating juristic opinions and evidences before preferring the stronger position. The study also shows how the absence of a report may, in certain circumstances, indicate non-occurrence, while consistent transmission strengthens juristic inference. It concludes that established Sīrah events are an important source for understanding legal texts and their practical application.

 determination of juristic rulings.