قبل از اسلام یہودی خاندانی نظام
Pre-Islamic Jewish Family System
Keywords:
Family, Jewish Society, Marriage, Education, Men, Women, Father, Mother, Children, Boys, Girls, Talmud and TorahAbstract
This article examines the religious and social foundations of family as a primary social structure to Jewish life.The family was the most basic mode of organization of Jewish society.It was also central in legal, economic and personal negotiations, playing an important role in the determination of marriage, education, professional choices and other opportunities.
According to religious routine, Jewish men were imagined to be the head of the household. They were placed in this role by God to lead their wives and children and ensure they led pious lives. In order to do this, men were also supposed to spend most of their time studying the Torah and other religious texts in order to live lawfully. The Torah taught women to be dutiful and obedient to their husbands.
Fathers made the decisions for the family in Judaism. The father was expected choose a daughter's husband, along with the help of a shadkhen, or matchmaker. A father’s duty was not to support his family, but to rule over his wife and children and commanded their respect.Jewish mothers were responsible for a number of tasks.They had work inside and outside of the home.
Children were brought up learning about the values and practices of traditional Jewish society within their homes.However, boys and girls from poor or unstable families often had less time to devote to Judaism.Families struggled to raise their sons to become religiously dutiful and learned men. To achieve this, boys were taught the sacred texts of Judaism. For boys of prosperous backgrounds, instruction came from a tutor, while boys from less in luck families were taught in a communal school (Talmud Torah). After years of study, boys of the family were expected to fulfil their worldly requirements. This meant inheriting a parental business or achieving an advantageous marriage.For daughters, life revolved around learning how to become a good wife and mother and spent much of their time at home, helping their mothers keep the household. Daughters were expected to learn all about wifely duties from their mothers in preparation to be a good wife in the future.
