RIFFAT ALI, riffatali. Historical Circumstances for the Development of Muslim Theology: عوامل نشوء علم الكلام ومراحله عبرالتاريخ . AL- ASAR Islamic Research Journal, [S. l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 55–71, 2021. Disponível em: https://alasr.com.pk/ojs3308/index.php/alasar/article/view/8. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2025.